# BPC-157 Research References — Full Citation List

> Complete references for all BPC-157 research cited on this site, with DOIs and PubMed links. Arranged by citation number with species, journal, and year metadata.

## Citation Index

All 21 citations used across this site are listed below with full bibliographic data, DOI, and PubMed/PMC URL where available. Green citations have mechanistically established preclinical support from multiple papers. Blue citations are human pilot studies. Amber citations represent preclinical-only or single-group findings.

[1] Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. *Journal of Orthopaedic Research*. 2003;21(6):976-983. DOI: 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00110-4 — https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0736-0266%2803%2900110-4

[2] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JHS. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. *Molecules*. 2014;19(11):19066-19077. DOI: 10.3390/molecules191119066 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6271067/

[3] Cerovecki T, Bojanic I, Brcic L, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat. *Journal of Orthopaedic Research*. 2010;28(9):1155-1161. DOI: 10.1002/jor.21107 — https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jor.21107

[4] Seiwerth S, Rucman R, Turkovic B, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. *Frontiers in Pharmacology*. 2021;12:627533. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8275860/

[5] Novinscak T, Brcic L, Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as an effective therapy for muscle crush injury in the rat. *Surgery Today*. 2008;38(8):716-725. DOI: 10.1007/s00595-007-3706-2 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18668315/

[6] Sebecic B, Nikolic V, Sikiric P, et al. Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits. *Bone*. 1999;24(3):195-202. DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00180-x — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10071911/

[7] Brcic L, Brcic I, Staresinic M, et al. Modulatory effect of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on angiogenesis in muscle and tendon healing. *Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology*. 2009;60 Suppl 7:191-196. PMID: 20388964 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20388964/

[8] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al. Cytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves major vessel occlusion disturbances. *World Journal of Gastroenterology*. 2022;28(1):23-45. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.23 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793015/

[9] Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. *Pharmaceuticals (Basel)*. 2024;17(4):461. DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38675421/

[10] Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity [serotonin findings]. *Pharmaceuticals (Basel)*. 2024;17(4):461. DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461

[11] He L, Feng D, Guo H, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157 in rats and dogs. *Frontiers in Pharmacology*. 2022;13:1026182. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026182 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794587/

[12] Tepes M, Vrdoljak B, Petrovic I, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy: Effect on Reperfusion Following Maintained Intra-Abdominal Hypertension. *Pharmaceuticals (Basel)*. 2023;16(11):1554. DOI: 10.3390/ph16111554 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10675657/

[13] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Skrtic A, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System. *Pharmaceuticals (Basel)*. 2025;18(6):928. DOI: 10.3390/ph18060928 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195719/

[14] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. *Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine*. 2025. PMID: 40131143 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/

[15] Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. *Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine*. 2024. — https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384668401

[16] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC-157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. *Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine*. 2021. PMID: 33609460 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33609460/

[17] Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, et al. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. *HSS Journal*. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/15563316251355551 — https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15563316251355551

[18] Matek D, Matek I, Staresinic E, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle. *Pharmaceutics*. 2025;17(1):119. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010119 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11768438/

[19] NCT02637284. Phase I Study of BPC-157 Peptide. ClinicalTrials.gov registration, 2015 — trial not completed. — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02637284

[20] Jozwiak M, Bauer M, Kamysz W, Kleczkowska P. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. *Pharmaceuticals (Basel)*. 2025;18(2):185. DOI: 10.3390/ph18020185 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11859134/

[21] Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, et al. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*. 2026;27(6):2876. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27062876 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41898733/

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